3.3.1 Constant Field Scaling

In constant field scaling, when the minimum feature size is scaled from $\lambda$ to $s\lambda$ where $s$ is a scale factor, the length and width of the channel, the oxide thickness, substrate concentration density and the operating voltage are all scaled by the same factor $s$ so that the electric field in the transistor remains constant. The net result is that the dynamic power consumption $P$ is scaled to $s^{2}P$, circuit delay $T$ is scaled to $sT$ and operating frequency $F$ is changed to $F/s$ [109]. Correspondingly, energy consumption scales as $s^{3}$ and the energy delay product scales as $s^{4}$. Both the horizontal and vertical electric fields within a transistor must scale by the same factor for this analysis to hold.